Defect Based Six Sigma Metrics (DPO, DPMO, PPM and DPU)

DPO, DPMO, PPM, DPU Definitions - Six Sigma Defect Metrics

What Is DPO? What Is DPMO?

A unit of product can be defective if it contains one or more defects.
A unit of product can have more than one opportunity to have a defect.

Determine all the possible opportunities for problems
Pare the list down by excluding rare events, grouping similar defect types, and avoiding the trivial
Define opportunities consistently between different locations

Proportion Defective (p):

p = Number Of Defective Units / Total Number of Product Units

Yield ( Y_1st-pass or Y_final or RTY)

Y = 1 - p

The Yield proportion can converted to a sigma value using the Z tables

Defects Per Unit - DPU, or u in SPC

DPU = Number Of Defects / Total Number Of Product Units The probability of getting 'r' defects in a sample having a given dpu rate can be predicted with the Poisson Distribution.

Defects Per Opportunity - DPO

DPO = no. of defects / (no. of units X no. of defect opportunities per unit)

Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO, or PPM)

DPMO = dpo x 1,000,000
Defects Per Million Opportunities or DPMO can be then converted to sigma & equivalent Cp values in the next page.
Copyright © 2000-2010 Michael G. White. All rights reserved.

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